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Page View - HISTORY

SUBCENTRO - HISTORY OF DIVING

SUBCENTRO - PROFESSIONAL DIVERS



History of Diving

The Seniority the era of Escafandro


            Since the antiquity man depends on the water for feeding, transport and protection against his enemies. Diving probably born about 30,000 years, the first occasion when a man nadando saw an object in the back, arrested breathing and fell to try sees-it better, without using any type of equipment.             Although many find that the dip is a recent activity, we now have concrete evidence that the man began to create accessories facilitating their adventures under water 6,500 years ago. Some drawings Assyrians of the year 900 AC show men beneath d'agua breathing through a bag with air, probably for military purposes, while ceramics fretwork dated 600 AC illustrate the work of divers the cultivation of sponges in the Mediterranean.
           The ancient history is peppered with stories that show made of plungers at the time: Herodotus narrated the work of recovery of the treasures of shipwrecks for king Persian Xerxes in century 5 AC; Alexander the Great mergulhava in a chamber submersíel to observe the marine life and used plungers in its military actions; Greek plunged at the port of Siracusa to remove obstructions and cut anchor cables vessels enemies during the conquest of the city; Marco Polo described as Kublai Khan presenteava his followers in East afar with pearls collected by plungers and The first references to Attendants in Japan which until today working in the cultivation of pearls date of the century I AC. As the air compressors had not yet been invented, mergulhos this season were made in apnea or by using systems primitive for the supply of air through bags, buckets and hoses. stones stowed in a rope served ballast and could be abandoned at the bottom to facilitate the increase.
           The best plungers could permaner by more than one minute beneath d'water and reached depths of up to 30 m. Diving professional was born in the same period, when plungers began to get to work under d'water. There was even a table of remuneration: up to 1 m depth, plungers won 10% of the value of effects redeemed; 4 m they earned a third and the 8 m or more they arrived to receive 50% of the total.


            For more than 1000 years diving evolved very little, until the age of the large waterway the value of treasures lost at sea put many people to think about ways of increasing the time of fund and the depth of work. Even so, it was only in the XVI century began to emerge ideas practices in this direction.
            Leonardo DaVinci emerged plungers equipped with flippers, masks and helmets, breathing but there is no evidence that these accessories came to be built and Guglielmo of Lorraine projected the first Sino diving modern in 1531. began then a new phase in underwater exploration.
            The bells of plunging gained this name because of the format used at the time. They were generally constructed of wood and opened on the lower. Plungers could undertake brief excursions in apnea to perform their tasks and back to the interior of bell to breathe. THE air was renewed through barrels reversed sent the surface and guided by means of ropes. Although primitive, this system allowed the realization of tasks until then considered impossible:



             In 1663 plungers recuperarm a cannon Vasa vessel, which had foundered 33 m depth at the port of Stockholm; William Phips began in 1687 almost all cargo the sinking of Nuestra Señora de la Concepcion;
             Edmund Halley (astronomer who gave the name of the most famous make) built in 1716 a bell which enabled its occupants remain for more than 4 hours at 20 m depth and came to propose the installation of helmets connected by hoses the bell for facilitating the work of plungers, although not there is evidence that he has managed to bring this idea.
             In 1715 John lethbridge gave a further step in the evolution of diving in building the first clothes atmospheric pressure. Built in wood in the format of a barrel and endowed with sidescuttles glass and withdrawals for the arms constructed leather clothes, Lethbridge allowed he worked for more than 20 years rescuing loads of vessels in depths of up to 20 m. As the plunger remained suspended by a cable connected to a ship on the surface, mobility was quite limited but for the first time he was free of the limitations of diving apnea.
             In the next 100 years very little has happened. had arisen a problem seemingly insurmountable: to provide air under pressure for the diver. Immediately after the invention of air compressor at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Charles Deane and his brother adapted a helmet used in mining and fire diving, creating the first escafandro genuinely functional. But the helmet fraternal Deane had a great limitation: as it was merely based on the shoulders of plunger, he did not allow this inclinasse – air escaped and the helmet was taken by water, possibly afogando the diver.
             It has fallen to Augustus Siebe give the next step to invent in 1839 the first "clothes closed". To avoid the flooding of the helmet, Siebe created a clothes watertight in which was fixed at the bottom of the helmet, called corselete. In a few months its equipment was used by the majority of plungers and design basic permanceu unchanged for the next 100 years. During this period probably tens of thousands of similar sets were manufactured and some people still in use until today.
             A few years after appeared in France the first diving equipment autonomous. Created by Rouquayrol and Denayrouze, this equipment could be used with or without a mask metal type "full-face". THE air could be supplied through a hose coming from the surface (dependent) or, in mergulhos shorter and rasos, transported by own plunger in small cylinders (autonomous). Although the first prototype Rouquayrol and Denayrouze has been built in 1872, a museum French has in its collection a production model manufactured shortly afterwards and even in conditions of use (in a fair recent in the United States the equipment has been demonstrated by several plungers, including Jean-Michel Cousteau).

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